Liver Dialysis

Liver dialysis is a specialized treatment designed to support liver function in cases of acute or acute-on-chronic liver failure. It is a treatment designed to support the liver when it is failing to perform its functions, such as detoxifying the blood, producing proteins, and regulating metabolism. It is often used as a temporary measure for patients with acute liver failure or acute-on-chronic liver failure, especially while waiting for a liver transplant or to allow the liver to recover. It works by removing toxins from the blood that the liver can no longer process. Unlike kidney dialysis, liver dialysis targets albumin-bound toxins, such as bilirubin, bile acids, and fatty acids.

Common systems include:

1. Molecular Adsorbent Recirculating System (MARS): Removes both water-soluble and albumin-bound toxins.
2. Single Pass Albumin Dialysis (SPAD): A simpler method using standard dialysis machines.
3. Prometheus System: Combines albumin dialysis with high-flux haemodialysis for enhanced detoxification.

When It’s Needed

• Acute Liver Failure: Caused by drug overdose, infections, or toxins.
• Acute-on-Chronic Liver Failure: A sudden worsening of chronic liver disease.
• Bridge to Transplant: Helps stabilize patients awaiting liver transplantation.

Benefits

• Temporarily supports liver function.
• Reduces symptoms like jaundice and confusion caused by toxin buildup.
• Improves survival chances in critical cases.

What Do I Expect

During liver dialysis, here’s what you can expect:

Preparation

• You may need to fast for several hours before the procedure.
• Your doctor might conduct blood tests or imaging studies to assess your condition.
• Sedation or anaesthesia may be administered to ensure comfort.

Procedure

• A specialized machine, such as the Molecular Adsorbent Recirculating System (MARS), is used to filter toxins from your blood.
• Blood is drawn from your body, passed through the machine to remove toxins, and then returned to your bloodstream.
• The procedure typically lasts 6–8 hours and may need to be repeated depending on your condition.

Post-Procedure

• You’ll be monitored for a short time to ensure there are no immediate complications.
• Mild fatigue or discomfort is common but temporary.
• Your doctor will discuss the next steps, such as additional sessions or further treatment.

Safety of the Procedure

Liver dialysis is generally considered a safe and effective procedure, especially for patients with acute or acute-on-chronic liver failure. It is designed to temporarily support liver function by removing toxins from the blood, allowing the liver and other organs to recover.

Potential Risks

While liver dialysis is safe, some risks include:

• Infection: Rare, but possible at the catheter insertion site.
• Bleeding: Minor bleeding may occur, especially in patients with clotting issues.
• Allergic Reactions: Rare reactions to the materials used in the dialysis system.
• Fatigue: Some patients may feel tired after the procedure.

Benefits

• Life-Saving: Provides critical support for patients awaiting liver transplants or recovering from liver failure. Acts as a “bridge” to liver transplantation.
• Minimally Invasive: Does not require major surgery.
• Improved Symptoms: Reduces toxin buildup, alleviating symptoms like confusion and jaundice.
• Stabilizes patients and allows time for liver recovery.

Recent studies, such as those involving the DIALIVE device, have shown promising results, with significant improvements in symptoms and organ function.

After the procedure

After liver dialysis, proper aftercare is essential to ensure recovery and prevent complications. Here are some general guidelines:

1. Rest and Hydration: Allow your body to recover by resting adequately. Drink plenty of fluids unless your doctor advises otherwise.
2. Monitor Symptoms: Watch for signs of complications, such as fever, excessive fatigue, or unusual swelling. Report any concerns to your healthcare provider immediately.
3. Dietary Adjustments: Follow any dietary recommendations provided by your doctor to support liver health and overall recovery.
4. Medications: Take prescribed medications as directed, especially if you’re on blood thinners or other supportive treatments.
5. Follow-Up Appointments: Attend all scheduled follow-ups to monitor your liver function and overall health.

Cost of the Procedure

Liver Dialysis is usually done in the hospital, the cost of it varies depending on the hospital charges. You may be able to claim the cost depending on your insurance plan. The doctor will discuss the cost with you during the consultation.