Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD)

Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) is a term for chronic conditions that cause inflammation in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. The two main types are Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis.

Key Features

• Crohn’s Disease: Can affect any part of the GI tract, from the mouth to the anus, but most commonly impacts the small intestine and colon. It often involves deeper layers of the bowel.
• Ulcerative Colitis: Limited to the colon and rectum, causing inflammation and ulcers in the innermost lining.

Symptoms

• Abdominal pain and cramping
• Chronic diarrhoea
• Blood in stool
• Fatigue and weight loss
• Loss of appetite

Causes

• The exact cause is unknown, but factors include:
• Genetic predisposition
• Immune system dysfunction
• Environmental triggers like smoking or diet

Treatment

• While IBD cannot be cured, treatments aim to manage symptoms and reduce inflammation:
• Medications: Anti-inflammatory drugs, immunosuppressants, and biologics.
• Lifestyle Changes: Diet modifications and stress management.
• Surgery: In severe cases, removal of affected parts of the GI tract.