Gastrointestinal (GI) Cancers and Conditions

Gastrointestinal (GI) cancers and conditions encompass a wide range of diseases affecting the digestive system. Here’s an overview of some notable ones:

Gastrointestinal Cancers

1. Oesophageal Cancer: Affects the oesophagus and is often linked to smoking, alcohol, or gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD).
2. Stomach (Gastric) Cancer: Associated with Helicobacter pylori infection, diets high in smoked or salted foods, and family history.
3. Colorectal Cancer: The most common GI cancer, often linked to polyps, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), or genetic factors.
4. Pancreatic Cancer: Known for its poor prognosis, often diagnosed late due to vague symptoms.
5. Liver Cancer: Frequently caused by chronic Hepatitis B or C infections, cirrhosis, or fatty liver disease.
6. Gallbladder Cancer: Rare but aggressive, often linked to gallstones or chronic inflammation.
7. Anal Cancer: Associated with human papillomavirus (HPV) infection.

Other Gastrointestinal Conditions

1. Peptic Ulcers: Open sores in the stomach or duodenum, often caused by H. pylori or NSAID use.
2. Celiac Disease: An allergy triggered by gluten, leading to damage in the small intestine.
3. Diverticulitis: Inflammation or infection of small pouches (diverticula) in the colon.
4. Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS): A functional disorder causing abdominal pain, bloating, and altered bowel habits.
5. Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD): Includes Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis, causing chronic inflammation of the GI tract.
6. Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD): Chronic acid reflux that can damage the oesophagus.
7. Hernias: Such as hiatal hernias, where part of the stomach is situated above the diaphragm.