Gallstones

Gallstones are hardened deposits that form in the gallbladder, a small organ beneath the liver that stores bile. These stones can range in size from tiny grains to larger masses and are primarily made of cholesterol or bilirubin.

Symptoms

• Sudden, intense pain in the upper right abdomen or centre of the stomach.
• Pain between the shoulder blades or in the right shoulder.
• Nausea or vomiting.
• Jaundice (yellowing of the skin and eyes) in severe cases.

Causes and Risk Factors

• Excess cholesterol in bile.
• Obesity or rapid weight loss.
• Pregnancy.
• Certain medical conditions like diabetes or liver disease.

Complications

Gallstones can lead to:

• Gallbladder inflammation (cholecystitis).
• Blockage of bile ducts, causing jaundice or infection.
• Pancreatitis (inflammation of the pancreas).

Treatment

• Surgery: Gallbladder removal (cholecystectomy) is common for recurrent or severe cases.
• Lifestyle Changes: Maintaining a healthy weight and avoiding fatty foods can help prevent gallstones.